Lo-tech communication options

• Communication boards - these boards can contain pictures or objects and the individual can either take and present a picture/object from the board, point to, or touch a picture/object to communicate something.

• Picture communication books or charts - work in the same way as described above, but are portable.The books can be made so that the pictures are detachable from the book. Visuals and pictures can work for many individuals with communication difficulties. Visual strategies can be used in many ways to enhance understanding and expression. They are particularly useful for individuals that are non-verbal, individuals with learning difficulties and/or those with autism. Some people are “visual learners” and respond better to visual input than auditory input. Visuals can be used in isolation to represent single words or actions and make choices, in a combination to to make a sentence, they can be used in stories or schedules to help with routine, and they can be used as an additional cue to the spoken word to help support understanding.

• Textures, shapes, and Objects of reference -Through the use of objects or tactile symbols, individuals can build up a wide range of communication options. These systems are generally used with individuals with visual and hearing difficulties and /or severe learning difficulties who may also be non-verbal. Some individuals may not have the motor skills to learn signing, so reaching for, or touching objects may be a better alternative. In their simplest form, objects can be used to give individuals an idea of what is about to happen e.g. give someone a spoon and they know its time for lunch, or a towel to indicate swimming. However, this form of communication can also be used in many more complex ways and the individual can communicate, make choices, learn language and organise. If we can develop the use of textures, objects and symbols, and combine them, we can improve organisational skills, sequencing, develop language concepts, and communication.

• Partner assisted scanning - is achieved by having a second person, watching the eye gaze or gesture of an individual with a communication difficulty and then translating or describing what they are communicating. A modified communication chart, book, or frame containing pictures, symbols, letters and/or numbers is used a the reference point. A common example would be an E-TRAN frame, which is commonly used by any individual with a communication disorder. These may vary in design but many are usually made of glass or clear perspex (like a window) with the communicators sitting on either side. On the window are a number of letters for instance, and the communicator looks in the direction of particlular letters to spell out words. The "listener" learns the message by following the communicators eye gaze and asking questions.